Phenakistoscopes (1833)
Summary
The article explains the Phenakistoscope (1833) as an early form of animation, describing how a rotating disc viewed through a mirror creates movement, and outlining its inventors Plateau and von Stampfer, its mass production under various names, and its influence on later technologies like the Zoetrope and Muybridge’s Zoopraxiscope. It situates the device within 19th-century scientific and artistic context and notes its resonance with modern looping animations.