ENTSO-E Final Report on Iberian 2025 Blackout
Summary
The ENTSO-E final report on the 28 April 2025 Iberian blackout attributes the incident to multiple interacting factors, including oscillations, gaps in voltage and reactive power control, differences in voltage regulation practices, rapid output reductions and generator disconnections leading to cascading outages in Spain and Portugal. It presents prioritized recommendations to strengthen operations, monitoring, data exchange, and regulatory adaptation to improve resilience of Europe’s interconnected grid. The page outlines the investigation process, Expert Panel composition, stakeholder workshops, and links to the final and factual reports and related publications.