Networking and the Internet, from First Principles
Summary
This article explains how the Internet works from first principles, tracing from physical links to protocols like IP, TCP, DNS, and TLS. It covers packet switching, routing, addressing (IPv4/IPv6), NAT, DNS, and HTTPS, with diagrams and simulations illustrating concepts like congestion control, CIDR, and BGP. It serves as a deep explainer suitable for IT pros, SMBs, and hobbyists.