Gakutensoku
Summary
Gakutensoku was the first robot built in East Asia, created in Osaka in the late 1920s by Makoto Nishimura. The article details its design, including an air-pressure system for expressions, a pen for writing, and a lamp for inspiration, plus a bird-shaped Kokukyōchō perched atop. It also notes its legacy—an asteroid named after the robot and a modern replica at the Osaka Science Museum—and its cultural references.