One-minute frequency disturbances from unintended synchronization in cyber–physical power systems
Summary
Nature Energy reports a universal 1-minute pattern in grid frequency across multiple continents, traced to clock-synchronized control routines in digitally controlled devices—most notably battery UPS systems and their EMS. The study shows the pattern propagates from distribution-level devices to transmission interfaces, links the coherence to external timing, and discusses mitigation via control design changes and regulatory adjustments. It also highlights the growing relevance of IoT, data centers, and low grid inertia in amplifying or modulating the effect.